NEW YORK, 12 November 2008: Development strategies that are sensitive to cultural values can reduce harmful practices against women and promote human rights, including gender equality and womens empowerment, affirms The State of World Population 2008 report from UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund.
The report titled “Reaching Common Ground: Culture, Gender and Human Rights”, and launched Wednesday, notes that culture is a central component of successful development of poor countries, and must be integrated into development policy and programming.
The report, which coincides with this years 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is based on the concept that the international human rights framework has universal validity.
Human rights express values common to all cultures and protect groups as well as individuals. The report endorses culturally sensitive approaches to development and to the promotion of human rights, in general, and womens rights, in particular.
– Human rights are everybodys work, and being culturally sensitive and understanding the context is everybodys business, said Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Executive Director of UNFPA.
Culturally sensitive approaches call for cultural fluency – familiarity with how cultures work, and how to work with them. The report suggests that partnerships -between UNFPA and community-based institutions and leaders, for example – can create effective strategies to promote human rights and end their abuses, such as female genital mutilation or cutting.
Culturally sensitive approaches seek out creative solutions produced within cultures, and work with them. – Communities have to look at their cultural values and practices and determine whether they impede or promote the realization of human rights. Then, they can build on the positive and change the negative, said Ms. Obaid.
The State of World Population cautions that cultural sensitivity and engagement do not mean acceptance of harmful traditional practices, or a free pass for human rights abuses – far from it.
Values and practices that infringe human rights can be found in all cultures. Understanding cultural realities can reveal the most effective ways to challenge these harmful cultural practices and strengthen beneficial ones.
Despite many declarations and affirmations in support of womens rights, the report argues, gender inequality is widespread and deep-rooted in many cultures.
Coercive power relations underlie practices such as child marriage – a leading cause of obstetric fistula and maternal death – and female genital mutilation or cutting. These and other harmful practices continue in many countries despite laws against them. Women may even support them, believing that they protect their children and themselves.
The UNFPA approach encourages change from within, says the report. The Fund works with governments and a variety of local organizations and individuals through a “culture lens”.
– There are people within every culture who oppose harmful cultural practices. Our experience shows that we can work closely with them for cultural change to protect human rights, said Ms. Obaid.
The report emphasises the importance of a culturally sensitive approach not only to development, but also to humanitarian response. It stresses that humanitarian assistance in conflicts must protect whatever progress women have made towards gender equality, including reproductive health and rights.
Describing women as victims and men as aggressors ignores cultural realities and the variety of responsibilities that women take in wartime as heads of household, breadwinners, caregivers and combatants.
Culturally sensitive approaches are essential for reaching the Millennium Development Goals (2015 Målene), says the report, including Goal 5: to improve maternal health. – To be healthy throughout the life cycle – before pregnancy, during pregnancy and after pregnancy – is a human right, said Ms. Obaid.
The report concludes that analysing peoples choices in their local conditions and cultural contexts is a precondition for better development policies.
– Cultures change, for better or worse, in good times and bad. The report is about promoting human rights in all circumstances. Culture is not a wall to tear down. It is a window to see through, a door to open to make greater progress for human rights, stated Ms. Obaid.
UNFPA on UNFPA
T United Nations Population Fund is an international development agency that promotes the right of every woman, man and child to enjoy a life of health and equal opportunity. UNFPA supports countries in using population data for policies and programmes to reduce poverty and to ensure that every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, every young person is free of HIV/AIDS, and every girl and woman is treated with dignity and respect.
