Nye beregninger viser et betydeligt fald i kulforbruget i Kina i 2014. Udviklingen kan være en effekt af øget energieffektivisering i industrien og føre til et fald i de samlede kulstofemissioner for 2014.
26. februar 2015 (RTCC): China’s coal consumption fell by 2.9% between 2013 and 2014, the country’s National Bureau of Statistics said today.
Energy use rose 2.2% with gas use up 8.6% and crude oil up 5.9%. Energy consumption per 10,000 yuan (ca. DKK 10.500) worth of GDP fell 4.8%.
Over the same time period the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 7.4%, with industrial production rising 7%.
Glen Peters from the Oslo-based Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO) said this data suggested China’s CO2 for 2014 could have fallen by 0.7%.
The government figures indicate recent predictions that China is steadily weaning itself off coal in response to air pollution and the need to reduce its carbon emissions are correct.
Last October Chinese president Xi Jinping said the country would target an emissions peak by 2030.
Jiang Kejun, a scientist at the Beijing-based Energy Resources Institute and one of China’s foremost energy experts, said he was not surprised by the results.
Tallenes troværdighed
Greenpeace energy analyst Li Shuo said this was the clearest sign yet that coal use in China was in decline: “You cannot have a more authoritative way of spelling this out,” he said.
Shuo admitted that accuracy behind China’s collation of energy statistics was a “genuine concern” but said the official figures over the past three years offered a clear picture of falling coal demand.
“I think the decline is very clear and reliable – they use consistent methodology to deliver consumption rate every year,” he said.
In 2014 coal accounted for 66% of the total energy consumption, with lower carbon sources such as gas, hydropower, wind, solar and nuclear providing 16.9%.
Installed wind capacity grew by 25.6% and solar by 67%. In contrast, coal generation capacity grew by 5.9%.
Shuo said the main reason behind falling coal figures was increased efficiency and lower demand for the production of iron, steel and cement.
Øget energieffektivisering
The energy consumption per tonne of copper, steel and cement fell, while the amount of coal used to produce a kilowatt hour of power generation dropped 0.67%.
“We are seeing a systematic transformation of the Chinese economy,” he said. “Energy efficiency is important….We know China’s coal power plants improved overall efficiency by close to 1%.”
Analysts at the Carbon Tracker Initiative said major coal exporters like the US, Australia and Indonesia would face added pressure if this trend continues.
“Chinese thermal coal peaking is like changing the direction on an escalator. It will be a shock for those who assumed the direction would always be up,” said James Leaton, research director at CTI.
Blandede signaler
In contrast to the energy sector, growth in transport soared. The total number of motor vehicles for civilian use reached 154 million, up 12.4%.
Aviation passenger numbers grew 10.6%, while railways (11.9%), waterways (12.3%) and road use (2.8%) also rose.
And despite the slight fall in coal use – which is blamed for hazardous air quality levels across the country, officials reported that smog levels continue to be high.
“Of the 161 cities monitored under the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-2012), 9.9% reached the standards, and 90.1% failed,” reads the report.
Drought accounted for direct economic losses of 83.6 billion yuan (US$ 13.3 bn), with flooding blamed for 103 billion yuan ($16.4 bn) losses.
The country also recorded the growth of 6.03 million hectares of forests, 4.27 million of which were planted.
“Some 2.00 million hectares were afforested through key afforestation projects, accounting for 33.2% of the total planted area of the year,” said the report.
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