Ny rapport fra analyseinstituttet Afrobarometer viser at hver femte afrikaner lever i fattigdom på trods af den økonomiske vækst. Værst ser det ud i Vest- og Østafrika mens Nordafrika samlet set har den laveste fattigdom.
New data from Afrobarometer, collected across an unprecedented 34 African countries from October 2011 to June 2013 demonstrates that “lived poverty” remains pervasive across the continent, Afrobarometer says in a press release on Tuesday.
Just two years before the 2015 Millennium Development Goal benchmark year, roughly one in five Africans still frequently go without food (17%), clean water (22%) or medical care (20%). One in two people experience at least occasional shortages.
Lived Poverty Indicators Afrobarometer calculates an average score for each respondent and each country that captures overall levels of “lived poverty” by combining average answers to questions on deprivation.
The Lived Poverty Index (LPI) score ranges along a five point scale from 0 (no lived poverty) to 4 (a constant absence of all basic necessities).
The mean lived poverty score across all 34 countries in 2012 is 1.26 (on the scale of 0 to 4). However, there is significant cross-national variation around that mean.
At their worst, average scores in Togo (1.89), Burundi (1.85), Niger (1.81), Guinea (1.78), and Lesotho (1.77) suggest that the average person in these countries experiences shortages across all basic necessities “several” times a year.
At their best, the LPI scores in Mauritius (0.20) and Algeria (0.32) mean that the typical person in those countries “never” goes without any basic necessities.
In general, West African countries are clustered at the bottom of the scale, while North African countries dominate at the top. Average lived poverty is highest in both West Africa (1.47) and East Africa (1.46), and lowest in North Africa (0.77), with Southern Africa (1.17).
The two worst performing North African countries, Sudan and Egypt, have been embroiled i n internal political conflicts. Because this is the first Afrobarometer survey in these countries, the data cannot show whether poverty has led to the conflicts, or has gotten worse as a result of discord.
Roots of Poverty Afrobarometer’s analysis shows that across 34 countries, lived poverty scores fall sharply as peoples’ education level increases, from 1.62 among those with no formal schooling, to 0.87 among those with post-secondary education.
The relatively low levels of education in West African states such as Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso and Guinea help account for the high levels of poverty in those countries.
Poverty scores also vary sharply according to whether or not key services are present in the respondent’s community. The average LPI is 1.05 in census enumeration areas that have an electricity grid, but 1.64 where there is none.
Similarly, where piped water services are available, the LPI is 1.08 compared with 1.53 in areas lacking those services.
States have done a far worse job of extending electricity grids in West and East Africa than in other parts of the continent.
These simple correlations strongly suggest that the availability of key infrastructural services (electricity and water, paved roads, sewage systems and health clinics) has a major influence on the experience of lived povert y.
Afrobarometer om sig selv
Afrobarometer (AB) conducts public opinion surveys that measure citizens’ attitudes toward democracy, governance, the economy, leadership, identity, and other related issues.
The AB is an independent, non-partisan, African-based network of researchers. The organization aims to give the public a voice in policy making by providing high-quality public opinion data to policymakers, civil society organizations, academics, media, donors and investors, and ordinary Africans.
Afrobarometer surveys are based on nationally representative samples. These 34-country results therefore represent the views of approximately three-quarters (76%) of the continent’s population.
Results from a 35th country, Ethiopia, will be available shortly. The total number of respondents in the 34 countries was 51,605.
Afrobarometer’s lived poverty findings were released in Johannesburg, at the first of seven Afrobarometer release events in seven cities. Survey results on Internet usage will be released in Nairobi Oct. 16; data on government services and natural resource management will be presented in Accra Oct. 30; corruption results will be released in Dakar Nov. 13; taxation data in Lagos on Nov. 27; Gender findings in Addis Ababa on Dec. 4. Our signature democracy figures will be presented in Bamako on Dec. 12.
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Download rapprten “After a Decade of Growth In Africa, Little Change In Poverty At The Grassroots” (PDF, 17 sider): http://www.afrobarometer.org/files/documents/policy_brief/ab_r5_policybriefno1.pdf
