Det indforståede bistandssprog kammer nærmest helt over i volapyk, når man søger at finde rundt i mylderet af fagudtryk og forkortelser, der anvendes under sultkrisen.
FN-bureauet IRIN gør et forsøg på at forklare dem én gang for alle i, hvad der kaldes en “Food and nutrition jargon buster”
NAIROBI, 12 September 2011 (IRIN): The humanitarian spheres of food and nutrition (ernæring) are rich in specialized terminology. This glossary defines most of the more common terms employed.
Acute malnutrition (underernæring): A sudden, drastic reduction in nutritional intake. Affects some 55 million children around the world. See GAM, MAM, SAM. Cf chronic malnutrition.
BMI – Body mass index: The number reached when weight (in kg) divided by height (in metres) is squared (regnet ud). Used in assessments of malnutrition.
BNSP – Basic nutrition services package: Measures to treat and pre-vent malnutrition as well as to promote optimal nutrition behaviours and practices, including acute malnutrition management, micronutrient support, immunization and deworming (ormekur).
BSFP – Blanket supplementary feeding programme. See SFP.
CDR – Crude death rate: Daily deaths per 10.000 people in a given area over a specified period. A rate above two contributes to a declaration of famine.
Chronic malnutrition: A long-term deprivation of required nutrients. Can cause stunting (hæmmet vækst).
Complementary feeding: For very young children, complementary feeding starts at six months as breast-milk is no longer adequate for a child’s nutritional needs. For populations dependent on food aid, additional food items are often added to make the diet more nutritious and in particular to ensure adequate micronutrients.
Complications: Symptoms associated with acute malnutrition that require specialized in-patient treatment. These include swelling (Oedema), fever, lower respiratory tract infection (infektion i luftvejene), severe dehydration, anaemia (blodmangel), lack of alertness and lack of appetite for the products used for out-patient treatment (ambulant behandling).
CSI – Coping strategies index: A numerical indicator of household food security based on a questionnaire about what people do in the absence of sufficient food or money to buy such food. CSI is used to predict food crises, identify specific areas of greatest need, assess the impact of food aid programmes in emergencies and to outline long-term trends.
CSB – Corn-soya blend: A partially pre-cooked fortified (beriget) food to supplement protein used in SFPs and MCH consisting of maize, soya beans, sugar, vitamins and minerals, consumed as porridge (grød).
CSB+: A variant of CSB for children aged two years and over.
CSB++: A variant of CSB made of de-hulled soya beans, sugar, dried skim milk, refined soya bean oil, vitamins and minerals. Used as a complement to breast-feeding for children aged between six and 24 months.
CTC – Community-based therapeutic care: Management of acute malnutrition in the home rather than in TFCs with an added community focus, often involving referral by or follow-up from community health workers.
Famine: The most serious of the food security phases of the IPC, which describes Famine/Humanitarian Catastrophe as: “Extreme social upheaval with complete lack of food access and/or other basic needs where mass starvation, death, and displacement are evident.”
Famine is declared when GAM exceeds 30 percent AND CDR exceeds two AND at least 20 percent of a population receives less than 2.100 calories per day.
In the current food crisis in the Horn of Africa, six areas of Somalia are affected by famine, but no areas in other countries in the region fall into this phase at the time of writing (early September 2011).
Food Security:
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