Den netop indgåede klima-aftale bringer optimisme til udviklingslandene, da den giver mulighed for at tale om “tab” og “skader” forårsaget af klimaforandringerne. Heriblandt havstigninger, som især er en voksende trussel mod verdens østater.
The inclusion of the words “loss and damage”, which could allude to compensation and a legal obligation on the part of developed countries, would have been unimaginable a year ago.
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Grøn klimafond på trapperne
Countries have been asked to submit their views on the possible development of a climate risk insurance facility that would pay out after a severe weather event.
This was not the only surprise in the Cancun package. A Green Climate Fund, originally proposed by Mexico, will also be set up. “There is hope for the world,” a young activist remarked.
The new Green Climate Fund will be governed by a board of 24 members, with an equal number from developing and developed countries, and will be administered by the World Bank for the first three years.
This has not gone down well with developing countries. “We [the African Union] are working towards the creation of an Africa Green Fund, which will be administered by the African Development Bank – we want Africa’s share of money to flow through that,” said Dr Edward Kofi Omane Boamah, Ghana’s deputy minister for the environment.
The Green Climate Fund will disburse money for adaptation support as well as efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. “African countries are responsible for a negligible amount of emissions. We want most – at least 60 percent of the funds – to flow for adaptation,” Boamah said.
Mere arbejde venter i Durban i 2011
The shape of a global climate change treaty – including adaptation beyond 2012 – was established in Cancun after delegates stayed up for two nights.
Despite this progress, South Africa – host of the next round of talks under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), to be held in Durban at the end of 2011 – will have its work cut out if it is to add flesh to the frame between now and then.
“There is a lot of work ahead of us,” said Alf Wills, South Africa’s lead negotiator in Cancun. He told IRIN that they were requesting at least two rounds of talks at ministerial level ahead of the Durban meeting.
The problem was often a lack of political weight behind negotiating officials. “It is difficult for progress to be made, so we are supporting the call for two ministerial meetings,” said Hasan Mahmud, Bangladesh’s Minister for Environment and Forests.
Juridisk bindende aftale om CO2-reduktioner mangler stadig
Durban might also see all-night marathons to get an agreement – the larger and more contentious issue of establishing a legally binding agreement to cut harmful greenhouse gas emissions is still unresolved.
“In Durban we need a global deal that helps countries build a green economy, and that holds polluters accountable,” said Wendel Trio, climate policy director of Greenpeace International.
“The governments not only acknowledged the gap between their current weak pledges and where they need to get to, they actually stated that emissions cuts needed to be in line with the science – 25 to 40 percent cuts by 2020 – and that they need to keep global temperature rise below two degrees [Celsius],” Trio noted.
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